ClipArt ETC
Ornamental lettering.

Z, Ornamental letter

Ornamental lettering.

Ornamental script.

A, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

B, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

C, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

D, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

E, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

F, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

G, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

H, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

I, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

K, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

L, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

M, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

N, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

O, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

P, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

Q, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

R, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

S, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

T, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

U, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

V, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

W, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

Y, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Ornamental script.

Z, Ornamental script

Ornamental script.

Fancy header, reads "Contents"

"Contents"

Fancy header, reads "Contents"

Fancy header, reads "Illustrations"

"Illustrations"

Fancy header, reads "Illustrations"

(1820-1880) George Eliot is the literary name assumed by Marian Evans, who was a novelist.

George Eliot

(1820-1880) George Eliot is the literary name assumed by Marian Evans, who was a novelist.

Hornbooks are not what we would think of today as a book, for it was made of a piece of cardboard covered on one side with a thin sheet of horn, and surrounded by a frame with a handle. Through the covering of the horn the little boy could see the alphabet written on the cardboard in both large and small letters. After these would come rows of syllables to help him in learning to pronounce simple combinations of sounds. Probably last on the sheet there would be the Lord's Prayer, which he must be taught to say without mistake.

Children with Hornbooks

Hornbooks are not what we would think of today as a book, for it was made of a piece of cardboard covered…

Old English lowercase letters from the tomb of Richard II, Westminster Abbey, about 1400.

Lowercase Old English

Old English lowercase letters from the tomb of Richard II, Westminster Abbey, about 1400.

Old German letters, 1467.

Old German Alphabet

Old German letters, 1467.

Old German letters.

Old German Alphabet

Old German letters.

Roman Renaissance uppercase alphabet, 1547, specimen beek of John of Yciar, Durango, Biscaya.

Roman Renaissance Alphabet

Roman Renaissance uppercase alphabet, 1547, specimen beek of John of Yciar, Durango, Biscaya.

Roman Renaissance lowercase alphabet, 1553, specimen book of Wolfgang Fugger, Nurenberg.

Roman Renaissance Alphabet

Roman Renaissance lowercase alphabet, 1553, specimen book of Wolfgang Fugger, Nurenberg.

"Escorting Major Taylor, of New Orleans, the bearer of a flag of truce, blindfolded, to the Confederate lines, after his unsuccessful mission. On the 8th of July, 1861, the pickets of the Eight New York Regiment, Colonel Lyons, observed a small party of Confederate soldiers approaching with a flag of truce. This proved to be from Manassas junction, and protected Major Taylor, of New Orleans, who bore letters from Jefferson Davis and General Beauregard to President Lincoln and General Scott. Colonel Lyons telegraphed to Washington, and in reply received orders to send the dispatches on. A council was held, when the dispatches from the eminent Confederates were read. It is sufficient to say that no answer was given, and Major Taylor was conducted to the Confederate lines in the manner portrayed in our sketch." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Major Taylor

"Escorting Major Taylor, of New Orleans, the bearer of a flag of truce, blindfolded, to the Confederate…

"Scene in Adams Express office, at Fortress Monroe, VA., in 1861- Volunteers receiving letters and packages from home. It is only those who had relatives in camp that could tell the feverish anxiety of the troops to hear from those they had left at home. We need hardly describe a scene which so thoroughly explains itself. The name of Adams Express was a household one, both to the donor and receiver of good things sent to the absent soldier." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Adams Express

"Scene in Adams Express office, at Fortress Monroe, VA., in 1861- Volunteers receiving letters and packages…

"The Banks Expedition- scene on the hurricane deck of the United States transport <em>North Star</em>- the soldiers of the Forty-first Massachusetts Regiment writing home to their friends, upon their arrival at ship island, Gulf of Mexico. We publish a sketch taken on the evening of the arrival of the Forty-first Massachusetts Regiment at Ship Island. The thoughts of the dear ones at home were uppermost in every soldier's mind, and in a very short time the hurricane deck of the steamer <em>North Star</em> was occupied by a regiment of letterwriters, all hard at work in the service of Cadmus. It is only those separated from all they hold dear who can realize the luxury of that invention which wafts a sigh from Indus to the Pole."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Banks Expedition

"The Banks Expedition- scene on the hurricane deck of the United States transport North Star-…

Distant view of Cherry Valley. Cherry Valley derived is name, according to Campbell, from the following circumstance: "Mr. Dunlop [the venerable pastor whose family suffered at the time of the massacre in 1778], engaged in writing some letters, inquired of Mr. Lindesay [the original proprietor of the soil] where he should date them, who proposed the name of a town in Scotland. Mr. Dunlop, pointing to the fine wild cherry-trees and to the valley, replied, 'Let us give our place an appropriate name, and call it Cherry Valley,' which was readily agreed to."

Cherry Valley

Distant view of Cherry Valley. Cherry Valley derived is name, according to Campbell, from the following…

Old Tavern at Elizabethport. This view is looking eastward. In the distance, on the right, is seen a vessel, at the entrance of Newark Bay, and the land beyond is the high ground intervening between it and Jersey City. In one of the rooms of the old tavern is a Franklin stove, which has probably been a tenant there ever since it came from the foundery. I give a sketch of it, not only because it is a relic of the time, but because it doubtless shows the form of the stove as invented by Dr. Franklin in 1742, beore an "improvement" was made. On its front, in raised letters, are the words "Ross and Bird's Hibernia Foundry, 1782." Ross had a foundery at Elizabethtown in 1774, as appears by the inscription upon the dinner-bell of Sir William Johnson, now in the belfry of the old Caughnawaga Chuch at Fonda.

Tavern at Elizabethport

Old Tavern at Elizabethport. This view is looking eastward. In the distance, on the right, is seen a…

Arnold's residence. Arnold lived in Water Street, near the ship-yard. The house is still standing (1848), on the left side of the street going toward the water. It is a handsome frame building, embowered in shrubbery. In the garret of the ho7use the sign was found recently which hung over the door of Arnold's store, in Water Street. It was black, with white letters, and painted precisely alike on both sides.

Arnold's residence

Arnold's residence. Arnold lived in Water Street, near the ship-yard. The house is still standing (1848),…

"Pulaski's Banner. On one side of the banner are the letters U. S., and in a circle around them the words Unita Virtus Forcior; 'United valor is stronger.' The letter C in the last word is incorrect; it should be T."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Pulaski's Banner Front

"Pulaski's Banner. On one side of the banner are the letters U. S., and in a circle around them the…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. The Greek text, when translated, showed that the inscription was an ordinance of the priests decreeing certain honors to Ptolemy Epiphanes on the occasion of his coronation, 196 B.C. (Ptolemy Epiphanes was one of a line of Greek sovereigns who ruled over Egypt from the time of its conquest by Alexander in the fourth century, to the first century B.C.) It contains a command that the decree should be inscribed in the sacred letters (hieroglyphics), the letters of the country (demotic), and Greek letters, -and this for the convenience of the mixed population of Egypt under its Greek rulers. It was natural to conclude that the three texts were the same in substance, and accordingly earnest efforts were made to decipher the hieroglyphics by aid of the Greek. The first clew was obtained by noticing that certain groups of the hieroglyphic characters were inclosed in oval rings, and that these groups corresponded in relative position with certain proper names, such as Ptolemy, etc., in the Greek text. The following line presents a few of the characters with a group in the oval ring. (Each word is read from right to left)." —Colby, 1899

Excerpt from the Rosetta Stone

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. This image represents Ptolemy or Ptolemaios." —Colby, 1899

Rosetta Stone Sample

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. This image represents Cleopatra, or Kleopatra." &mdash;Colby, 1899

Rosetta Stone

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

"Charlemagne's signature. Only the central portion was made by Charles, the other letters, forming the name Karolus, being written by a secretary."&mdash;Colby, 1899

Charlemagne's Signature

"Charlemagne's signature. Only the central portion was made by Charles, the other letters, forming the…

"[The paguridae] includes the Hermit or Soldier Crab, <em>Pagurus Bernardus</em>, the abdominal portion of whose body is quite soft, forming a sort of cylindrical fleshy mass behind the shelly cephalothorax. As the comfort of the animal would be materially interfered with were this soft, worm-like appendage exposed to be grabbed at by every passing fish who might take a fancy to it, he usually seeks some shelter for its tail, and the habitation selected is generally the empty shell of some univalve mollusk." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Hermit-crab

"[The paguridae] includes the Hermit or Soldier Crab, Pagurus Bernardus, the abdominal portion…

The Letter F

F, Letter

The Letter F

The letter T

T, Letter

The letter T

The letter P

P, Letter

The letter P

The letter S

S, Letter

The letter S

The letter G

G, Letter

The letter G

The letter R

R, Letter

The letter R

The letter I

I, Letter

The letter I

The letter M

M, Letter

The letter M

The letter D

D, Letter

The letter D

The letter W

W, Letter

The letter W

The letter Q

Q, Letter

The letter Q

The letter H

H, Letter

The letter H

The letter A

A, Letter

The letter A

The letter T

T, Letter

The letter T